An
oratorio is a large
musical composition for
orchestra,
choir, and
soloists. Like an
opera, an oratorio includes the use of a choir, soloists, an ensemble, various distinguishable
characters, and
arias. However, opera is
musical theatre, while oratorio is strictly a concert piece—though oratorios are sometimes staged as operas, and operas are sometimes presented in concert form. In an oratorio there is generally little or no interaction between the characters, and no props or elaborate
costumes. A particularly important difference is in the typical subject matter of the text. Opera tends to deal with
history and
mythology, including age-old devices of
romance,
deception, and
murder, whereas the plot of an oratorio often deals with
sacred topics, making it appropriate for performance in the
church.
Protestant composers took their stories from the
Bible, while
Catholic composers looked to the lives of
saints, as well as to Biblical topics. Oratorios became extremely popular in early 17th-century Italy partly because of the success of opera and the Catholic Church's prohibition of spectacles during
Lent. Oratorios became the main choice of music during that period for opera audiences.