Ivory is a hard, white material from the
tusks (traditionally elephant's) and
teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing. It consists mainly of
dentine (inorganic formula Ca
10(PO
4)
6(CO
3).H
2O)), one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks. The chemical structure of the teeth and tusks of mammals is the same, regardless of the species of origin. The trade in certain teeth and tusks other than elephant is well established and widespread; therefore, "ivory" can correctly be used to describe any mammalian teeth or tusks of commercial interest which are large enough to be carved or
scrimshawed. It has been valued since ancient times for making a range of items, from
ivory carvings to
false teeth, fans, and
dominoes.
Elephant ivory is the most important source, but ivory from
mammoth,
walrus,
hippopotamus,
sperm whale,
killer whale,
narwhal and
wart hog are used as well. Elk also have two ivory teeth, which are believed to be the remnants of tusks from their ancestors.