(, "leaning [of the hands]"), also (, "ordination"), (, "rabbinical ordination"), or (, "cantorial ordination") is derived from a Hebrew word which means to "rely on" or "to be authorized". It generally refers to the ordination of a rabbi or cantor within Judaism. In the former case, it signifies the transmission of rabbinic authority to give advice or judgment in Jewish law. In the latter, it signifies the transmission of authoritative knowledge about Jewish musical and liturgical traditions. Although presently most functioning synagogue rabbis hold by some rabbinical institution or academy, this was until quite recently not always required, and in fact many Haredi rabbis may not be required to hold a "formal" even though they may occupy important rabbinical and leadership positions. Some cantorial institutions in the US currently grant to their students, while others use the term "investiture" to describe the conferral of cantorial authority onto their graduates.