A
micelle or
micella (plural
micelles or
micellae, respectively) is an aggregate of
surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid
colloid. A typical micelle in
aqueous solution forms an aggregate with the
hydrophilic "head" regions in contact with surrounding
solvent, sequestering the
hydrophobic single-tail regions in the micelle centre. This phase is caused by the
packing behavior of single-tail
lipids in a
bilayer. The difficulty filling all the volume of the interior of a bilayer, while accommodating the area per head group forced on the molecule by the hydration of the lipid head group, leads to the formation of the micelle. This type of micelle is known as a normal-phase micelle (oil-in-water micelle). Inverse micelles have the head groups at the centre with the tails extending out (water-in-oil micelle). Micelles are approximately spherical in shape. Other
phases, including shapes such as ellipsoids, cylinders, and
bilayers, are also possible. The shape and size of a micelle are a function of the molecular geometry of its surfactant molecules and solution conditions such as surfactant concentration,
temperature,
pH, and
ionic strength. The process of forming micelles is known as micellisation and forms part of the
phase behaviour of many lipids according to their
polymorphism.