cipher – מילון אנגלי-אנגלי
cipher
v.
write in code; calculate, work out mathematically
n.
zero, naught; number, Arabic numeral; code; unimportant person
Cipher
In
cryptography, a
cipher (or
cypher) is an
algorithm for performing
encryption or
decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is
encipherment. To encipher or encode is to convert information into cipher or code. In common parlance, 'cipher' is synonymous with '
code', as they are both a set of steps that encrypt a message; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography, especially
classical cryptography.
Cipher (disambiguation)
A
cipher is a method of encryption or decryption.
Encryption
In
cryptography,
encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it. Encryption does not of itself prevent interception, but denies the message content to the interceptor. In an encryption scheme, the intended communication information or message, referred to as
plaintext, is encrypted using an encryption algorithm, generating
ciphertext that can only be read if decrypted. For technical reasons, an encryption scheme usually uses a pseudo-random
encryption key generated by an algorithm. It is in principle possible to decrypt the message without possessing the key, but, for a well-designed encryption scheme, large computational resources and skill are required. An authorized recipient can easily decrypt the message with the key provided by the originator to recipients, but not to unauthorized interceptors.
cipher
Noun
1. a message written in a secret code
(synonym) cypher
(hypernym) message
(derivation) encode, code, encipher, cypher, encrypt, inscribe, write in code
2. a mathematical element that when added to another number yields the same number
(synonym) zero, 0, nought, cypher
(hypernym) digit, figure
(derivation) calculate, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure
3. a quantity of no importance; "it looked like nothing I had ever seen before"; "reduced to nil all the work we had done"; "we racked up a pathetic goose egg"; "it was all for naught"; "I didn't hear zilch about it"
(synonym) nothing, nil, nix, nada, null, aught, cypher, goose egg, naught, zero, zilch, zip
(hypernym) relative quantity
(hyponym) nihil
4. a person of no influence
(synonym) cypher, nobody, nonentity
(hypernym) commoner, common man, common person
(hyponym) pip-squeak, squirt, small fry
5. a secret method of writing
(synonym) cypher, cryptograph, secret code
(hypernym) code
(derivation) encode, code, encipher, cypher, encrypt, inscribe, write in code
Verb
1. convert ordinary language into code; "We should encode the message for security reasons"
(synonym) encode, code, encipher, cypher, encrypt, inscribe, write in code
(hypernym) write
(derivation) cypher
2. make a mathematical calculation or computation
(synonym) calculate, cypher, compute, work out, reckon, figure
(hypernym) reason
(hyponym) quantize, quantise
(verb-group) work out
(derivation) zero, 0, nought, cypher
(classification) mathematics, math, maths
Cipher
(v. t.)
To write in occult characters.
(v. t.)
To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.
(v. t.)
To designate by characters.
(v. t.)
To decipher.
(v. i.)
To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.
(n.)
One who, or that which, has no weight or influence.
(n.)
A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such characters.
(n.)
A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.
(n.)
A character in general, as a figure or letter.
(n.)
A character [0] which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.
(a.)
Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter.
About
Circle
Circle In the description of cosmological symbols, the first figure is a circle: ever-eternal, universal nature, the abstract space of a cosmic hierarchy. The circle itself may be taken as the symbol of this first manifestation, the clean sheet of paper representing abstract space, the Boundless. This circle is in reality boundless, its circumference being ideal, representing the limits of our perceptions of physical or inner space, or the ideal boundary which must be postulated in our conceptions of infinitude.
The second circle, with the central point, represents the First Logos of any hierarchy, the mystic unity symbolized by the inclusive number one, the unitary source from which proceed the creative rays or sevenfold manifestation of the Logos. The point at its center is the symbol of the cosmic germ of generation out of which all later beings emanate or flow, and hence it is the first manifestation.
Considering the circle as a line, it is without beginning or end; progress from any point in it brings us eventually to the same point again without turning back. Thus it is a symbol of cyclic evolution. Eternal motion is essentially circular and vibratory. A circular motion becomes spiral, and this is the cosmic serpent, emblem of cosmic forces, and hence of life on all planes. The egg is another form of the circle or sphere symbol; the chakra or wheel as used in India is another. The circle may be conceived as either one unbroken line, having no parts, or as an infinitude of points -- which shows that zero and infinity are extremes which meet. In the symbol of the circle, spirit and matter are not yet separated; it is spirit-substance. For the problem of squaring the circle,
see Pi .
Zero
Zero [from Arabic
sifrom an empty thing cf cipher] As a mathematical idea, the absolute zero obtained by the subtraction of equal quantities (expressed by
a -
a), or the ideal zero denoting the imaginary limit of an infinite diminution (expressed by the quotient a/b, where
a is indefinitely smaller than
b). In physical measurement, a lower limit or point of origin, as in the zero of a scale or the absolute zero of temperature.
As a symbol, the absence of all number or quantity, necessary in our system of notation in order to preserve the principle of positional value by occupying positions which would otherwise be filled by one of the nine digits. In scales of notation where the radix is other than 10, the value of the zero sign would be altered correspondingly. Though in one sense no number, yet in ordinal reckoning it has to be counted as a member of the series.
Its symbol, the circle, represents at once nothing and everything; it is the symbol of boundless infinity; and a circle may be defined either as a single undivided and unterminated line, or as an infinite number of infinitely short lines. Ends meet; there is no essential difference between the infinitely great and infinitesimal. The zero point is the vanishing point, the laya or neutral state. In mathematics it is the neutral position between the series of positive and negative numbers. It is also the neutral state of matter between two planes; when physical matter is reduced to the zero or laya-state, it is ready to become manifest on the next higher plane, or vice versa. The same applies to consciousness and its planes.
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