The
Nabataeans, also
Nabateans (; , compare to , ), were an
Arabic people who inhabited northern
Arabia and the
Southern Levant, and whose settlements, most prominently the assumed capital city of
Petra, in AD 37 – c. 100, gave the name of
Nabatene to the borderland between
Arabia and
Syria, from the
Euphrates to the
Red Sea. Their loosely controlled trading network, which centered on strings of oases that they controlled, where agriculture was intensively practiced in limited areas, and on the routes that linked them, had no securely defined boundaries in the surrounding desert.
Trajan conquered the
Nabataean kingdom, annexing it to the
Roman Empire, where their individual culture, easily identified by their characteristic finely potted painted ceramics, became dispersed in the general
Greco-Roman culture and was eventually lost. They were later converted to Christianity. Jane Taylor, a writer, describes them as "one of the most gifted peoples of the ancient world".