An
elastomer is a
polymer with
viscoelasticity (having both
viscosity and
elasticity) and very weak inter-molecular
forces, generally having low
Young's modulus and high failure
strain compared with other materials. The term, which is derived from
elastic polymer, is often used interchangeably with the term
rubber, although the latter is preferred when referring to
vulcanisates. Each of the
monomers which link to form the polymer is usually made of
carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen or
silicon. Elastomers are
amorphous polymers existing above their
glass transition temperature, so that considerable segmental motion is possible. At
ambient temperatures, rubbers are thus relatively soft (
E~3MPa) and deformable. Their primary uses are for
seals,
adhesives and molded flexible parts. Application areas for different types of rubber are manifold and cover segments as diverse as tires, shoe soles as well as dampening and insulating elements. The importance of rubbers can be judged from the fact that global revenues are forecast to rise to US$56 billion in 2020.