An
emperor (through
Old French empereor from ) is a
monarch, usually the
sovereign ruler of an
empire or another type of imperial realm.
Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (
empress consort), mother (
empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right (
empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher
honour and
rank than
kings. In Europe the title of Emperor was, since the Middle Ages, considered equal or almost equal in dignity to that of
Pope, due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of Western Europe. The
Emperor of Japan is the only currently
reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor".