thermodynamics – מילון אנגלי-אנגלי
thermodynamics
n.
physics that studies the conversion of energy from one form into other forms of energy and its practical implementation; conversion of the energy of heat into other forms of energy
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of
physics concerned with
heat and
temperature and their relation to
energy and
work. It defines
macroscopic variables, such as
internal energy,
entropy, and
pressure, that partly describe a body of matter or
radiation. It states that the behavior of those variables is subject to general constraints, that are common to all materials, beyond the peculiar properties of particular materials. These general constraints are expressed in the four laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics describes the bulk behavior of the body, not the microscopic behaviors of the very large numbers of its microscopic constituents, such as molecules. The basic results of thermodynamics rely on the existence of idealized states of
thermodynamic equilibrium. Its laws are explained by
statistical mechanics, in terms of the microscopic constituents.
thermodynamics
Noun
1. the branch of physics concerned with the conversion of different forms of energy
(hypernym) physics, physical science, natural philosophy
(hyponym) thermostatics, thermodynamics of equilibrium
(class) cyclic
Thermodynamics
(n.)
The science which treats of the mechanical action or relations of heat.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter.
About
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics That branch of the theory of heat which concerns the relations between heat and mechanical energy. The first law of thermodynamics states that when heat is converted into mechanical energy, or vice versa, the quantities of each are equivalent; it is a statement of the law of conservation of energy, so far as heat and mechanical energy are concerned. The second law states that heat cannot pass of itself from a cold body to a hotter body; or that it is impossible by means of inanimate material agencies to derive mechanical effect from any portion of matter by cooling it below the temperature of the coldest surrounding objects. This law has been supposed to lead to the conclusion that the material universe is running down, its energy passing into unavailable forms, like water power running down to a dead level, and that eventually there will be nothing left but a mass of cold matter, from which no further energy can be derived. However, this second law is not experimental but only a conjecture, subject to contradiction by any facts which may be discovered to the contrary. Further, these laws relate only to what is called a closed system, and are subject to modification by agencies from outside the system, as is shown by the qualifying clauses in the definitions.
