Sonata (;
Italian: , pl.
sonate; from Latin and Italian:
sonare, "to sound"), in
music, literally means a piece
played as opposed to a
cantata (Latin and Italian
cantare, "to sing"), a piece
sung. The term evolved through the
history of music, designating a variety of forms until the
Classical era, when it took on increasing importance, and is vague. By the early 19th century it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded—alongside the
fugue—as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas still maintain the same structure.