Sculpture is the branch of the
visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the
plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used
carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in
stone,
metal,
ceramics,
wood and other materials but, since
modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by
welding or modelling, or
molded, or
cast.