A
propeller is a type of
fan that transmits power by converting
rotational motion into
thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of the
airfoil-shaped blade, and a fluid (such as air or water) is accelerated behind the blade. Propeller dynamics, like those of aircraft
wings, can be modelled by either or both
Bernoulli's principle and
Newton's third law. A marine propeller of this type is sometimes colloquially known as a
screw propeller or
screw, however there is a different class of propellers known as
cycloidal propellers - they are characterized by the higher propulsive efficiency averaging 0.72 compared to the screw propellers average of 0.6 and the ability to throw thrust in any direction at any time. Their disadvantages are higher mechanical complexity and higher cost.