The piffero or piffaro is a double reed musical instrument with a conical bore, of the oboe family (Sachs-Hornbostel category 422.112). It is used to play music in the tradition of the quattro province, an area of mountains and valleys in the north-west Italian Apennines which includes parts of the four provinces of Alessandria, Genoa, Piacenza and Pavia. It is also played throughout Southern Italy with different fingering styles dictated by local tradition.