Maffia (Maffie or Mafie in Czech) was a secret organization acting during the Great War. It was founded after emigration of Thomas Masaryk in 1914 by Czech politician Edvard Beneš, who later became second president of Czechoslovakia, and others main anti-royalist (Karel Kramár, Alois Rašín, Josef Scheiner and Premysl Šámal). Maffia was based on the principles of Sicilian mafia (name "Maffia"), it was central part of the First Czechoslovak Resistance and its main objective was to overthrow the Emperor of Austria and the disintegration of his country. Maffia plot against Austria-Hungary and Central Powers was revealed by police in 1915, some members of Maffia (Karel Kramár, Alois Rašín, Vincent Cervinka and Josef Zamazal) were arrested and sentenced to death (they were later amnestied by emperor Charles I.) and Edvard Beneš escaped from Austria-Hungary to Switzerland, but subversive activities of Maffia continued, under the leadership of Premysl Šámal, until the end of the First World War. Maffia had over 200 members and it was supported from aboard (US, Italy etc.).

A mafia is a type of organized crime syndicate whose primary activities are protection racketeering, the arbitration of disputes between criminals, and the organizing and oversight of illegal agreements and transactions. Secondary activities may be practiced such as gambling, loan sharking, drug-trafficking, and fraud.