The term
fundamentalism (from the Latin noun
fundamen, fundaminis, related to the verb , meaning to establish, found, or confirm) usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs. However, fundamentalism has come to apply to a tendency among certain groups—mainly, though not exclusively, in religion—that is characterized by a markedly strict
literalism as applied to certain specific scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, and a strong sense of the importance of maintaining
ingroup and outgroup distinctions, leading to an emphasis on purity and the desire to
return to a previous ideal from which advocates believe members have strayed. Rejection of diversity of opinion as applied to these established "fundamentals" and their accepted interpretation within the group is often the result of this tendency.