An
optical fiber (or
optical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by
drawing glass (
silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a
human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in
fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher
bandwidths (data rates) than wire cables. Fibers are used instead of
metal wires because signals travel along them with lesser amounts of
loss; in addition, fibers are also immune to
electromagnetic interference, a problem from which metal wires suffer excessively. Fibers are also used for
illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so that they may be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in confined spaces, as in the case of a
fiberscope. Specially designed fibers are also used for a variety of other applications, some of them being
fiber optic sensors and
fiber lasers.