Emaciation ( or ) is defined as extreme weight loss and thinness due to a loss of
subcutaneous fat (the fatty, or
adipose tissue beneath the skin) and muscle throughout the body. It affects human beings and animals; one that is emaciated could be described as "wasting away" or being "gaunt." Emaciation is caused by severe malnourishment and
starvation. Emaciation is a predominant symptom of malnourishment, a basic component of poverty and
famine that also occurs with diseases that interfere with the
digestive system and appetite, other systems, and
eating disorders. These include
nutrient deficiency disorders, diseases with prolonged fever and infection,
malignant diseases,
parasitic infections that can result from contamination,
anorexia nervosa and other conditions. The malnourishment associated with emaciation has been referred to as "", while infection by parasites has been described as "". Treatment of emaciation includes gradual renourishment with a slow increase of daily caloric intake to help rebuild tissues and regain weight. Rest, and emotional and psychological therapy and support may be included.