Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the
clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the
Triassic period, 231.4 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial
vertebrates for 135 million years, from the start of the
Jurassic (about 200 million years ago) until the end of the
Cretaceous (66 million years ago), when the
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the
extinction of most dinosaur groups at the end of the
Mesozoic Era. Until the late 20th century, all groups were believed to be extinct; however, the
fossil record indicates that
birds are modern
feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from
theropod ancestors during the Jurassic Period. As such, birds were the only dinosaurs to survive the mass extinction event.