A
cryptogam (
scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant (in the wide sense of the word) that reproduces by
spores, without flowers or
seeds. "Cryptogamae" (
Greek , "hidden" + , , "to marry") means hidden reproduction, referring to the fact that no seed is produced, thus cryptogams represent the non-seed bearing plants. Other names, such as "
thallophytes", "
lower plants", and "spore plants" are also occasionally used. As a group, Cryptogamae are the opposite of the
Phanerogamae (Greek , = "visible") or Spermatophyta (Greek , = "seed" and , = "plant"), the
seed plants. The best known groups of cryptogams are
algae,
lichens,
mosses and
ferns, but it also includes non-photosynthetic organisms traditionally classified as plants, such as
fungi,
slime molds, and
bacteria. The classification is now deprecated in
Linnaean taxonomy.