Circumlocution (also called
circumduction,
circumvolution,
periphrasis, or
ambage) is
locution that circles around a specific idea with multiple
words rather than directly evoking it with fewer and words. It is sometimes a necessary tool of
communication (for example, in getting around
lexical gaps to overcome
untranslatability), but it is also often a flaw in communication (for example, when it is a
figure of speech that is unnecessarily
ambiguous and
obscure).
Ambiguity means that information can have multiple meanings. Roundabout speech refers to using many words (such as "
a tool used for cutting things such as paper and hair") to describe something for which a concise (and commonly known) expression exists ("
scissors"). The vast majority of definitions found in dictionaries are circumlocutory. Circumlocution is often used by
aphasics and people learning a new language, where in the absence of a word (such as "abuelo" [grandfather]) the subject can simply be described ("el padre de su padre" [
the father of one's father]).
Euphemism,
innuendo, and
equivocation are different types of ambiguous and roundabout language (i.e. circumlocution).