churl – מילון אנגלי-אנגלי
churl
n.
rude person; person from the country
Churl
A
churl (etymologically the same name as
Charles / Carl and
Old High German karal), in its earliest
Old English (Anglo-Saxon) meaning, was simply "a man", but the word soon came to mean "a non-servile
peasant", still spelled
ceorl(e), and denoting the lowest rank of freemen. According to the
Oxford English Dictionary it later came to mean the opposite of the
nobility and
royalty, "a
common person". Says
Chadwick: This meaning held through the 15th century, but by then the word had taken on negative overtone, meaning "a country person" and then "a low fellow". By the 19th century, a new and
pejorative meaning arose, "one inclined to uncivil or loutish behaviour" (cf. the pejorative sense of the term
boor, whose original meaning of "country person" or "farmer" is preserved in Dutch and Afrikaans
boer and German
Bauer, although the latter has its own pejorative connotations such as those prompting its use as the name for the chess piece known in English as a
pawn. Also the word
villain - derived from
Anglo-French and
Old French and originally meaning "farmhand" - had gone through a similar process to reach at its present meaning).
churl
Noun
1. a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement
(synonym) peasant, barbarian, boor, Goth, tyke, tike
(hypernym) unpleasant person, disagreeable person
2. a selfish person who is unwilling to give or spend
(synonym) niggard, skinflint, scrooge
(hypernym) hoarder
(hyponym) pinchgut
3. a bad-tempered person
(synonym) grouch, grump, crank, crosspatch
(hypernym) unpleasant person, disagreeable person
(hyponym) crab, crabby person
Churl
(n.)
A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard.
(n.)
A rustic; a countryman or laborer.
(n.)
A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.
(a.)
Churlish; rough; selfish.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913), edited by Noah Porter.
About
Churl
in Isa. 32:5 (R.V. marg., "crafty"), means a deceiver. In 1 Sam. 25:3, the word churlish denotes a man that is coarse and ill-natured, or, as the word literally means, "hard." The same Greek word as used by the LXX. here is found in Matt. 25:24, and there is rendered "hard." Chushan-rishathaim Cush of double wickedness, or governor of two presidencies, the king of Mesopotamia who oppressed Israel in the generation immediately following Joshua (Judg. 3:8). We learn from the Tell-el-Amarna tablets that Palestine had been invaded by the forces of Aram-naharaim (A.V., "Mesopotamia") more than once, long before the Exodus, and that at the time they were written the king of Aram-naharaim was still intriguing in Canaan. It is mentioned among the countries which took part in the attack upon Egypt in the reign of Rameses III. (of the Twentieth Dynasty), but as its king is not one of the princes stated to have been conquered by the Pharaoh, it would seem that he did not actually enter Egypt. As the reign of Rameses III. corresponds with the Israelitish occupation of Canaan, it is probable that the Egyptian monuments refer to the oppression of the Israelites by Chushan-rishathaim. Canaan was still regarded as a province of Egypt, so that, in attacking it Chushan-rishathaim would have been considered to be attacking Egypt.
