In general, the word
choline refers to the various
quaternary ammonium salts containing the
N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. Found in most animal tissues, choline is a primary component of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine and functions with
inositol as a basic constituent of
lecithin. It prevents fat deposits in the liver and facilitates the movement of fats into the cells. The richest sources of choline are liver, kidney, brain, wheat germ, brewer's yeast, and egg yolk. Neurologically,
cholinergic is the abbreviated term referring to
acetylcholine. The
parasympathetic nervous system, which uses acetylcholine almost exclusively to send its messages, is said to be almost entirely cholinergic. Neuromuscular junctions, preganglionic neurons of the
sympathetic nervous system, the
basal forebrain, and brain stem complexes are also cholinergic. In addition, the receptor for the merocrine sweat glands are also cholinergic, since acetylcholine is released from postganglionic sympathetic neurons.