Waldere or
Waldhere is the conventional title given to two
Old English fragments from a lost
epic poem, discovered in 1860 by E. C. Werlauff, Librarian, in the
Danish Royal Library at
Copenhagen, where it is still preserved. The parchment pages had been reused as stiffening in the binding of an Elizabethan
prayer book, which had presumably come to Europe following the
Dissolution of the Monasteries in England in the 16th century. The portion that was found was a part of a much bigger work. What remains of the poem comes in two parts, written on two separate single leaves, usually called “fragment I” and “fragment II”, and generally dated about 1000. The date of the poem's composition is unknown.
Waldere was first edited by George Stephens (Copenhagen, 1860), afterwards by R. Wulker in
Bibliothek der angel-sächsischen Poesie (vol. 1, Cassel, 1881); then by Peter Holthausen in
Göteborgs högskolas årsskrift (vol. 5, 1899), with autotype reproductions of the two leaves which have been preserved. The first main translation of
Waldere was by Frederick Norman in 1933 and the second by Arne Zettersten in 1979. Both are accompanied by commentary. A critical edition by Jonathan B. Himes appeared in 2009.