Spina was an
Etruscan port city, established by the end of the 6th century BCE, on the
Adriatic at the ancient mouth of the
Po, south of the lagoon which would become the site of
Venice. The site of Spina was lost until modern times, when drainage schemes in the
delta of the
Po River in 1922 first officially revealed a
necropolis of Etruscan Spina about four miles west of the commune of
Comacchio. The fishermen of Comacchio, it soon turned out, had been the source of "Etruscan" vases (actually originally imported from Greece) and other artifacts that had appeared for years on the archeological
black market. The archaeological finds from the burials of Spina were discovered with the help of
aerial photography. Aside from the white reflective surfaces of the modern drainage channels there appeared in the photographs a ghostly network of dark lines and light rectangles, the former indicating richer vegetation on the sites of ancient canals. Thus the layout of the ancient trading port was revealed, now miles from the sea, due to the sedimentation of the Po delta. Spina may have had a
Hellenised indigenous population.