Pteridophytes or
Pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term (or
sensu lato), are
vascular plants (plants with
xylem and
phloem) that reproduce and
disperse via
spores. Because they produce neither
flowers nor
seeds, they are referred to as
cryptogams. The group includes
ferns,
horsetails,
clubmosses,
spikemosses and
quillworts. These do not form a
monophyletic group, because ferns and horsetails are more closely related to
seed plants than to
lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses and quillworts). Therefore, pteridophytes are no longer considered to form a valid
taxon, but the term is still used as an informal way to refer to ferns (
monilophytes) and
lycophytes, and some recent authors have used the term to refer strictly to the monilophytes.