Paropamisadae (; ) is the
Bactrian pronunciation of the
Old Persian word
Para-upari-sena (I.e "beyond the raised land"), which was then hellenized by the Greeks to
Paropamisus (; ) and is the old Iranian word for the district of
Gandhara in western
Pakistan, centered upon the cities of
Peshawar and
Charsadda.
Upari-Sena (I.e "raised lands"), in Old Persian, refers to the
Hindu-Kush mountains.
Para-upari-sena (I.e "beyond the raised lands"), refers to the
Peshawar Valley which is situated immediately beyond these mountains and is the location of
Gandhara.
