Johannesburg (; ; also known as
Jozi,
Jo'burg,
eGoli, and
Joeys, and abbreviated as
JHB) is the largest city in
South Africa. It is the
provincial capital of
Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. The city is
one of the 50 largest urban agglomerations in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline. The city was named and established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm. The name is attributed to one or all of three men involved in the establishment of the city. In ten years, the population was 100,000 inhabitants. While Johannesburg is not one of
South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the
Constitutional Court, which has the final word on interpretation of
South Africa's constitution as well as with issues in connection with constitutional matters. The city is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich
Witwatersrand range of hills.