Haskala (, "enlightenment" or "education"; often termed the "Jewish Enlightenment") was an extensive intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those residing in Western Europe and Muslim lands. Active from the 1770s to the 1880s, the Haskala advocated integration of the Jews into their surrounding societies, encouraging among others the adoption of local vernaculars, secular studies and economic productivization. Concurrently, the movement promoted a Jewish cultural revival, manifested mainly in the creation of modern Hebrew literature.