Dvaitadvaita was proposed by
Nimbarka, a Vaishnava Philosopher who hailed from
Andhra Region. Nimbarka’s philosophical position is known as Dvaitadvaita (
Bhedabheda vada). The categories of existence, according to him, are three, i.e., cit, acit, and
Isvara. Cit and acit are different from Isvara, in the sense that they have attributes (Guna) and capacities (Swabhaava), which are different from those of Isvara. Isvara is independent and exists by Himself, while 'cit' and 'acit' have existence dependent upon Him. So, at the same time 'cit' and 'acit' are not different from
Isvara, because they cannot exist independently of Him. Here, difference means a kind of existence which is separate but dependent, (para-tantra-satta-bhava) while non-difference means impossibility of separate existence (svatantra-satta-bhava).