Dionysus (; ,
Dionysos) is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in
Greek mythology. Alcohol, especially
wine, played an important role in Greek culture with Dionysus being an important reason for this life style. His name, thought to be a
theonym in
Linear B tablets as
di-wo-nu-so (
KH Gq 5 inscription), shows that he may have been worshipped as early as c. 1500–1100 BC by
Mycenean Greeks; other traces of the Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient
Minoan Crete. His origins are uncertain, and his cults took many forms; some are described by ancient sources as Thracian, others as Greek. In some cults, he arrives from the east, as an Asiatic foreigner; in others, from
Ethiopia in the South. He is a god of
epiphany, "the god that comes", and his "foreignness" as an arriving outsider-god may be inherent and essential to his cults. He is a major, popular figure of
Greek mythology and
religion, and is included in some lists of the
twelve Olympians. Dionysus was the last god to be accepted into Mt. Olympus. He was the youngest and the only one to have a mortal mother. His festivals were the driving force behind the development of
Greek theatre. Modern scholarship categorises him as a
dying-and-rising god.