The Caninae are the only living subfamily of Canidae. Many extinct species of Caninae were endemic to North America, living from 34 million to 11,000 years ago. Some members of the endemic North American canines survived to the present time. This subfamily was recently revised. More basal canids are placed in the extinct subfamilies Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae.

The Caninae are the only living subfamily of Canidae. Many extinct species of Caninae were endemic to North America, living from 34 million to 11,000 years ago. Some members of the endemic North American canines survived to the present time. This subfamily was recently revised. More basal canids are placed in the extinct subfamilies Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae.