Ostrom or Öström is a Swedish surname meaning "island stream". Notable people with the surname include:

• Elinor Ostrom (1933-2012), American political economist
• Ellen Ostrom, dancer in the New York City Ballet's corps de ballet
• Gilbert Wellington Ostrom (born 1837), Ontario lawyer and political figure
• Hans Ostrom (born 1954), American professor, writer, editor, and scholar
• John Ostrom (1928–2005), American paleontologist
• Magnus Öström, drummer for the Esbjörn Svensson Trio
• Meredith Ostrom (born 1977), American actress, model, and painter
• Tom Ostrom (1936–1994), American psychologist
• Vincent Ostrom (1919-2012), American political scientist
• Walter Ostrom, ceramic artist

Ostrom or Öström is a Swedish surname meaning "island stream". Notable people with the surname include:

• Elinor Ostrom (1933-2012), American political economist
• Ellen Ostrom, dancer in the New York City Ballet's corps de ballet
• Gilbert Wellington Ostrom (born 1837), Ontario lawyer and political figure
• Hans Ostrom (born 1954), American professor, writer, editor, and scholar
• John Ostrom (1928–2005), American paleontologist
• Magnus Öström, drummer for the Esbjörn Svensson Trio
• Meredith Ostrom (born 1977), American actress, model, and painter
• Tom Ostrom (1936–1994), American psychologist
• Vincent Ostrom (1919-2012), American political scientist
• Walter Ostrom, ceramic artist