In the
material culture of
classical antiquity, a
phiale or
patera is a shallow ceramic or metal
libation bowl. It often has a bulbous indentation (
omphalos, "bellybutton") in the center underside to facilitate holding it, in which case it is sometimes called a
mesomphalic phiale. It typically has no handles, and no feet. (A drinking cup with handles is a
kylix. A circular platter with a pair of C-handles is not a patera, but a few
paterae have a single long straight handle.) Although the two terms may be used interchangeably, particularly in the context of
Etruscan culture,
phiale is more common in reference to Greek forms, and
patera in a Roman setting.